Heating stove and the like



Sept. 22, 1942. A. F. ZERIN HEATING STOVE AND THE LIKE Filed Oct. 25,1940 1 (RE -151555 T n v INVENTOR BY 4 mm fimjkwi.

ATTORNEY;

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Patented Sept. 22, 1942 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HEATING STOVE ANDTHE LIKE Alexander F. Zerin, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Appiication October 25, 1940, Serial No. 362,712

2 Claims.

This invention relates to heating apparatus and more in particular tocoal stoves and the like used for heating rooms or homes.

One of the primary objects of this invention is to provide a stove forsolid fuels in which the gases of combustion are caused to travelthrough the ignited fuel bed, thereby insuring complete combustion ofthe gases and fuel particles entrained thereby, and reducing, therefore,the formation of objectionable smoke to a minimum.

Another object of this invention is to provide a coal stove in which thegases of combustion are made to travel a greater distance beforereaching the smoke flue, than occurs in stoves of conventional design,thus enabling said gases to dissipate their heat more completely andover a greater heating surface.

Still another object of this invention is the provision of a coal stoveand the like which, because of the above mentioned features, is veryeconomical in fuel and which greatly reduces the amount of soot andlosses in the ashes.

Additional features and advantages of this invention will appear in thecourse of the following description, considered in connection with theaccompanying drawing forming part of this application.

In the drawing:

Fig' l is an isometric View, with some structural details omitted forthe sake of clarity, showing my invention applied to a stove fordirectly heating the room in which it is located.

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view taken substantially on thecentral vertical axis of said stove.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken substanstantially along line 33in Fig. 2, and

Fig. 4 is a similar view taken on line 4-4, also in Fig. 2.

Reference being had to the drawing, the coal stove shown as oneembodiment of my invention, comprises a fire-pot I, of any desired andsuitable shape, in which the coal C is placed. This pot is surmounted bya combustion-chamber 2, normally closed at the top. At the bottom of thefire-pot is a grate 3 of any desired conventional type, and below it isthe ash-pit 4, which in the present example is built into a drawer 5, sothat the ashes may be removed from the stove without the accompanimentof dust, due to shoveling or raking.

The fire-pot and combustion-chamber are enclosed in an outer casing 6which is direct contact with the ambient air of the room to be heated,and which is constructed to offer a great radiating surface.

Surmounting the combustion-chamber and casing is a smoke-dome I, havinga smoke-outlet 8 connected in any desired manner to the chimney of thebuilding.

The front and the rear sides 9 and It! respectively of thecombustion-chamber 2 are in direct contact with the corresponding sidesof the easing, or may be made integral parts thereof, as

shown in the drawing; whereas the'two lateral sides H and 12 are setaway from the sides of the casing, thus leaving two substantially equalwells l3 through which the gases of combustion travel before enteringthe smoke-dome I.

In order to further increase the length of travel of the combustiongases in the smoke-dome, for the purpose of facilitating thetransmission of their heat to the walls of the dome, there is installedin each lateral well l3 a closely fitting, forwardly rising, inclinedbaffie-plate M which guides the rising hot gases toward the front of thestove. These gases, after passing through apertures l5 provided thereforin the top [6 of the combustion-chamber Z, are forced to travel thewhole length of the dome 1 before reaching the smoke-outlet B. Thesebaffle-plates are preferably extended above the top It and curvedrearwardly, as at IT, to assist the flow of smoke toward the outlet 8.

The air necessary for the combustion of the fuel is introduced throughan adjustable airinlet, of any desired and suitable type. This inlet isplaced above the fire-pot I and is, preferably in the rear of the stove.

The air-inlet shown in the drawing comprises an inlet-pipe [8 having anintegral downwardly bent hood I9 secured to the rear wall of thecombustion-chamber. The supply is controlled manually by a circularcover 20 provided with a central threaded stem 2! engaging a tapped hub22 supported by the diametral arm 23 cast integrally with theinlet-pipe. The purpose of this hood is to direct the incoming airtoward the fire-pot, and also to prevent coal too strenuously shoveledtherein from flying out through the air-inlet, which is substantiallyopposite the coaldoor.

Coal is supplied to the fire-pot through a closesealing coal-door 24, ofconventional construction, and preferably provided with a window 25 offireproof transparent material, such as mica, so that combustion in thefire-pot'may be observed without opening the coal-door, thus preventingthe admission of superfluous air in the stove.

The grate 3 shown in the drawing is of the conventional reciprocablehinged type and is moved right and left by means of a rocker-shaft 26supported in bearings 21 and 28 and provided with an angularly disposedslotted arm 29 which receives the handle 3i} of the grate. At the rearthereof there is an extension 3! pivotally engaged by the pivot-pin 32secured to the firepot l. The front end of the shaft 26 is preferablymade of angular cross-section adapted to receive a crank 33 whereby thegrate may be shaken to remove the ashes from the fire-pot.

In the top-plate l6 of the combustion-chamber 2 there is provided adirect draft opening 34 which may be regulated by means of a slidedamperhaving a handle 36 extending outwardly of the smoke-dome 1. This damperis guided for sliding movement by means of guidestrips 3'! secured onthe top-plate.

A clean-out opening 38, tightly closable by a door 39, is also providedin the smoke-dome, so that all dust and soot deposited on the top-platemay be removed occasionally.

It will be readily understood that most of the dust or soot that may becarried up to the smokedome through the apertures [5 will be depositedon the top-plate l6, because of the greatly reduced velocity of thesmoke while passing through the relatively voluminous smoke-dome.Therefore, the smoke issuing from the chimney of this type of stove willbe practically free of solid dust particles and, thus, greatly reduceatmospheric contamination and the danger of so-called chimney fires.

In the drawing, the casing 6 is shown with a convex center portion andwith hollow rounded corners for the purpose of increasing the heatradiating surface of the stove, as well as improve its appearance. Forsimilar reasons, the stove is placed, preferably, on a metal base 4|.

When a fire is started in the stove, the airinlet is is preferablyclosed, and the ash-drawer 5 together with the slide-damper 35, arepulled out temporarily so that the stove will function like aconventional type of stove, the excessive smoke usually produced at thestarting of a fire going directly from the fire-pot through the draftopening 34 and thence into the smoke-outlet 8.

After the fuel in the fire-pot is properly ignited and its smokeproduction reduced, the ashdrawer 5 and the draft-opening 34 are closed,and the air-inlet 8 opened and adjusted for best operation. The airnecessary for proper combustion will, therefore, be drawn downwardlythrough the incandescent bed of coal, and all combustible gasesgenerated in the upper layers of the fuel will be consumed. -At the sametime, the free particles of fuel will be retained in the bed of coal,acting now as a filter.

The strong draft created by the chimney will be'found quite ample toforce the gases of combustion down through the grate 3, then up alongthe outside of the fire-pot and combustion-chamber, and along thebaffle-plates I4 into the smokedome 1, where the gases will deposit theremaining particles of soot and dust, before issuing through the outlet8 into the chimney.

It will thus be noted that the gases of combustion travel, within thestove, a considerable greater distance than is the case in ordinarystoves, and that they are better able to impart their heat to thestove-casing and smoke-dome before their exit into the atmosphere.

When adding fuel to the fire-pot, the damper 35 is first pulled out toopen the direct draft opening 34, before the fuel is shoveled throughthe opened coal-door 24. Then, the coal-door and the draft-opening areagain closed, thus causing the stove to function normally, as abovedescribed.

Extensive use of a stove built substantially as above described andshown in the drawing has shown that this construction justifies theclaims made hereinabove as to fuel economy and the resuiting reductionof atmospheric polution by the smoke.

If desired, the same principles may be applied to other types ofheating'devices, such as, for instance, hot-air furnaces. In this case,the complete stove, as above described, would be enclosed in a largersheet metal jacket, (not shown) provided with the usual hot-air pipes.Whatever structural modifications that would be required to this endwill be readily conceived and executed by persons versed in this art,and need, therefore, not be detailed herein.

In the foregoing description, the operation of my invention with coal asa fuel has been assumed. It is however evident that the same principlesof construction can be applied for the economic combustion of otherfuels, such as coke, briquet, wood, etc., and the abatement of the smokenuisance.

While I have illustrated and described herein a well tested embodimentof my invention, it may be found desirable after continued experience tomake changes in the construction and arrangement of the details of myinvention to suit various applications and fuels, and I intend toinclude in this application all such variations as fall within the scopeof the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In a stove and the like, a fire-pot; a grate therefor; acombustion-chamber positioned on the fire-pot in direct connectiontherewith; a normally closed top for the combustion-chamber; a casingenclosing said fire-pot and combustionchamber; said casing being indirect contact relation with the front and rear of the combustionchamberand in substantially parallel spaced relation with the lateral sidesthereof; a smokedome on the combustion-chamber and normally disconnectedtherefrom; adjustable means operable from without the smoke-dome todirectly connect same with the combustion-chamber; an

adjustable air inlet for and above the fire-pot; a smoke outlet for thesmoke-dome, the top of said combustion-chamber having openings in directcommunication with the spaces intermediate the lateral sides of saidcombustion-chamber and casing, and means positioned in said spaces todirect gases of combustion to said smoke-dome at points substantiallyfarthest from the smokeoutlet.

2. In a stove and the like, a fire-pot; a grate therefor; acombustion-chamber positioned on the fire-pot in direct connectiontherewith; a normally closed top for the combustion-chamber; a casingenclosing said fire-pot and combustion chamber, said casing being indirect contact rela tion with the front and rear of thecombustionchamber and in spaced relation with the lateral sides thereof;a smoke-dome on the combustionchamber and normally disconnectedtherefrom; adjustable means operable from without the smoke-dome todirectly connect same with the combustion-chamber; an adjustable airinlet for and above the fire-pot; a smoke outlet for the smoke-dome, thetop of said combustion-chamber having openings in direct communicationwith the spaces intermediate the lateral sides of saidcombustion-chamber and casing, and inclined baflies positioned in saidspaces to direct gases of combustion through said openings into thesmokedome at points substantially farthest from the smoke-outlet.

ALEXANDER F. ZERIN.

